netcdf regcmdata/EH5/nrm/Decadal/RegCM3_Decadal_nrm_EH5.ncml { dimensions: x = 138; y = 139; time = 144; variables: float time(time=144); :long_name = "time_coordinate"; :units = "days since 1900-01-01"; :actual_range = 27408.0f, 71572.0f; // float :axis = "T"; :standard_name = "time"; :_CoordinateAxisType = "time"; double y(y=139); :long_name = "y-coordinate"; :actual_range = -1027.5, 1042.5; // double :grid_spacing = 15.0f; // float :units = "km"; :axis = "Y"; :standard_name = "projection_y_coordinate"; double x(x=138); :long_name = "x-coordinate"; :actual_range = -1020.0, 1035.0; // double :grid_spacing = 15.0f; // float :units = "km"; :axis = "X"; :standard_name = "projection_x_coordinate"; char Lambert_Conformal; :grid_mapping_name = "lambert_conformal_conic"; :standard_parallel = 30.0, 60.0; // double :longitude_of_central_meridian = -102.30000305175781; // double :latitude_of_projection_origin = 52.0; // double float xlat(y=139, x=138); :long_name = "latitude"; :units = "degrees_north"; :actual_range = 41.66792f, 61.485584f; // float :_CoordinateAxisType = "Lat"; float xlon(y=139, x=138); :long_name = "longitude"; :units = "degrees_east"; :actual_range = -120.94086f, -83.39503f; // float :_CoordinateAxisType = "Lon"; float CA1(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Convection 1"; :units = "count < 2. mm"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 1500.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 36.7f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float CA2(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Convection 2"; :units = "count >= 2. mm"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 1500.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 69.1f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float CDD(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Cooling Deg Days Base 22C"; :units = "CDD"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 10000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 188.37872f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float DRAG(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Surface Drag Stress"; :units = "si"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 1.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0020813101f, 0.12181832f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float ET(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Evapotranspiration"; :units = "mm/day"; :valid_range = -5.0f, 150.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -0.8537874f, 6.0890784f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float GDD10(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Growing Deg Days Base 10C"; :units = "GDD"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 10000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 532.1052f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float GDD5(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Growing Deg Days Base 5C"; :units = "GDD"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 10000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 687.1051f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float HDD(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Heating Deg Days Base 15.5C"; :units = "HDD"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 10000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 1172.9039f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float LWD(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Downward Longwave"; :units = "W/m2"; :valid_range = -300.0f, 750.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 200.13164f, 412.25027f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float LWN(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Net Longwave"; :units = "W/m2"; :valid_range = -300.0f, 750.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -15.928937f, 113.387985f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float P2_10(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "2 GT P LT 10 mm/3hr"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 130.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 1.9000001f, 120.8f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float P2(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "P LT 2 mm/3hr"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 130.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 3.1999998f, 130.0f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float PSMIN(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Min Surface Pressure"; :units = "hPa"; :valid_range = 300.0f, 1500.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 677.6073f, 1021.1261f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float PSRF(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Surface Pressure"; :units = "hPa"; :valid_range = 300.0f, 1500.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 678.01526f, 1021.5885f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float P_100(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "P GT 100 mm/3hr"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 130.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 16.3f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float P_10_25(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "10 GT P LT 25 mm/3hr"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 130.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.6f, 70.40001f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float P_25_50(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "25 GT P LT 50 mm/3hr"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 130.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 50.699997f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float P_50_100(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "50 GT P LT 100 mm/3hr"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 130.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 21.7f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float QA(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Aneom Specific Humidity"; :units = "kg/kg"; :valid_range = -1.0E-5f, 0.2f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 6.587988E-4f, 0.018219348f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float RB(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Soil Base Flow"; :units = "mm/day"; :valid_range = -10.0f, 2000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -10.0f, 2.1768618f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float RC(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Convective Precipitation"; :units = "mm/day"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 1500.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 8.587848f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float RHA(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Relative Humidity"; :units = "fraction"; :valid_range = -0.1f, 5.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.40172988f, 1.0000001f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float RNFS(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Surface Runoff"; :units = "mm/day"; :valid_range = -200.0f, 2000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -20.00607f, 28.418468f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float RT(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Total Precipitation"; :units = "mm/day"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 2500.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.22769096f, 26.139599f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float SH(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Sensible Heat"; :units = "W/m2"; :valid_range = -300.0f, 1000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -69.60054f, 361.6543f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float SLP(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Sea Level Pressure"; :units = "hPa"; :valid_range = 900.0f, 1200.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 1006.34357f, 1027.1179f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float SMR(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Root Layer Soil Moisture"; :units = "mm"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 1200.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 155.55609f, 763.30316f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float SMT(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Total Soil Moisture"; :units = "mm"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 2000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 1848.004f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float SMU(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Top Layer Soil Moisture"; :units = "mm"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 80.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 3.4703393f, 66.00014f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float SNOW(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Snow Depth"; :units = "mm H2O"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 3000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 3000.0f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float SWI(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Solar Incident"; :units = "W/m2"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 1400.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 2.4930658f, 360.63712f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float SWN(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Net Solar Absorbed"; :units = "W/m2"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 1200.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 1.3803214f, 266.9934f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float T0(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Number of days T < 0C"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 300.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 31.000002f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float T33(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Number of days T > 33C"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 300.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 18.1f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TAMAXA(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Absolute Max Aneom Temperature"; :units = "C"; :valid_range = -60.0f, 60.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -5.538748f, 43.029392f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TAMAX(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Avg Max Aneom Temperature"; :units = "C"; :valid_range = -60.0f, 60.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -42.04774f, 35.731464f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TAMINA(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Absolute Min Aneom Temperature"; :units = "C"; :valid_range = -60.0f, 60.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -38.772537f, 17.696955f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TAMIN(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Avg Min Aneom Temperature"; :units = "C"; :valid_range = -60.0f, 60.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -45.055397f, 22.139277f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TA(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Aneom Temperature"; :units = "C"; :valid_range = -60.0f, 60.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -22.29824f, 26.076284f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TF(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Foliage Temperature"; :units = "C"; :valid_range = -60.0f, 60.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -22.869324f, 26.304949f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TG(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Ground Temperature"; :units = "C"; :valid_range = -60.0f, 60.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -23.117786f, 26.163317f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TOTCLOUD(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Total Cloud Cover"; :units = "fraction"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 1.1f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.25971305f, 0.98781586f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float TOTRNF(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Total Runoff"; :units = "m^3/s"; :valid_range = -10.0f, 50000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -10.0f, 74.00643f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float UA(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Aneom Eastward Wind"; :units = "m/s"; :valid_range = -50.0f, 50.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -3.8985121f, 11.047817f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float UMAG6(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "3-hr Wind Velocity > 6m/s"; :units = "count"; :valid_range = 0.0f, 300.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 227.99998f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float VA(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Aneom Northward Wind"; :units = "m/s"; :valid_range = -50.0f, 50.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = -5.7625284f, 6.24817f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float W10MX(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "Max 10m Wind Speed"; :units = "m/s"; :valid_range = -500.0f, 500.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 1.9956157f, 14.53446f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float ZPBL(time=144, y=139, x=138); :long_name = "PBL Height"; :units = "m"; :valid_range = -1.0f, 6000.0f; // float :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :_FillValue = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 57.222775f, 1335.9043f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; float topo(y=139, x=138); :long_name = "RegCM Topography"; :units = "meters"; :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; :missing_value = -999.0f; // float :actual_range = 0.0f, 3236.9543f; // float float veg(y=139, x=138); :long_name = "BATS surface type codes"; :code_1 = "1=Crop, 2=Short Grass, 3=Ev Needle, 4=Decid Needle, 5=Decid Broad, 6=Ev Broad"; :code_2 = "7=Tall Grass, 8=Desert, 9=Tundra, 10=Irr Crop,11=Semi-desert, 12=Land Ice"; :code_3 = "13=Bog/Marsh, 14=Inland Water, 15=Ocean, 16=Ev Shrub, 17=Decid Shrub, 18=Mixed Forest"; :actual_range = 1.0f, 19.0f; // float :coordinates = "time y x "; :grid_mapping = "Lambert_Conformal"; // global attributes: :version = "5.0"; :runtitle = "RegCM3+BATS"; :driving_GCM = "MPI ECHAM5 20C"; :model_date_Convention = "Serial Months"; :time_Convention = "Calandar is actual"; :domain = "NRM 138X139 grid points, 18 vertical levels"; :center_latitude = "= N52.0000"; :center_longitude = "= -102.300"; :grid_spacing = "= 15000 m"; :projection = "Lambert conformal conic"; :standard_parallels = "N30 and N60 degrees"; :author = "S Hostetler, J Alder, US Geological Survey"; :History = "Code modified 2/17/2012"; :Conventions = "CF-1.0"; :ArcGIS = "Compliant v9.2 and higher"; :license = "All model datasets are freely available and are intended for further climate-related scientific research. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein."; :title = "USGS Dynamical Downscaled Regional Climate - V1.0 - Northern Rocky Mountains - MPI ECHAM5"; :summary = "We have completed an array of high-resolution simulations of present and future climate over Western North America (WNA) and Eastern North America (ENA) by dynamically downscaling global climate simulations using a regional climate model, RegCM3. The simulations are intended to provide long time series of internally consistent surface and atmospheric variables for use in climate-related research. In addition to providing high-resolution weather and climate data for the past, present, and future, we have developed an integrated data flow and methodology for processing, summarizing, viewing, and delivering the climate datasets to a wide range of potential users. Our simulations were run over 50- and 15-kilometer model grids in an attempt to capture more of the climatic detail associated with processes such as topographic forcing than can be captured by general circulation models (GCMs). The simulations were run using output from four GCMs. All simulations span the present (for example, 1968 to 1999), common periods of the future (2040 to 2069), and two simulations continuously cover 2010 to 2099. The trace gas concentrations in our simulations were the same as those of the GCMs: the IPCC 20th century time series for 1968 to 1999 and the A2 time series for simulations of the future. We demonstrate that RegCM3 is capable of producing present day annual and seasonal climatologies of air temperature and precipitation that are in good agreement with observations. Important features of the high-resolution climatology of temperature, precipitation, snow water equivalent (SWE), and soil moisture are consistently reproduced in all model runs over WNA and ENA. The simulations provide a potential range of future climate change for selected decades and display common patterns of the direction and magnitude of changes. As expected, there are some model to model differences that limit interpretability and give rise to uncertainties. Here, we provide background information about the GCMs and the RegCM3, a basic evaluation of the model output and examples of simulated future climate. We also provide information needed to access the web applications for visualizing and downloading the data, and give complete metadata that describe the variables in the datasets."; :keywords = "Regional Climate,Dynamical Downscaling,A2,United States,Canada,Climate,RegCM3,MPI ECHAM5,USGS GENMOM,GFDL CM2.0,NOAA NCEP"; :acknowledgment = "Hostetler, S.W., Alder, J.R., and Allan, A.M., 2011, Dynamically downscaled climate simulations over North America: Methods, evaluation, and supporting documentation for users: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1238, 64 p."; :naming_authority = "usgs.gov"; :cdm_data_type = "Grid"; :time = "2012-04-20"; :creator_name = "Steve Hostetler"; :creator_url = "http://regclim.coas.oregonstate.edu"; :creator_email = "gs-w-or_regclim@usgs.gov"; :publisher_name = "U.S. Geological Survey"; :publisher_url = "http://regclim.coas.oregonstate.edu"; :publisher_email = "gs-w-or_regclim@usgs.gov"; :institution = "U.S. Geological Survey / College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University"; :contributors = "Steve Hostetler,Jay Alder,Andrea Allan"; :id = "RegCM3_Decadal_nrm_EH5"; }